Aminet 6/Aminet 6 - June 1995.iso/Aminet/docs/misc/wfbook93_texi.lha/texi/201.data

Text File | 1995-03-27 | 9.8 KB | 358 lines

@node Geography (Rwanda)
@section Geography (Rwanda)

@display

Location:
  Central Africa, between Tanzania and Zaire
Map references:
  Africa, Standard Time Zones of the World
Area:
 total area:
  26,340 km2
 land area:
  24,950 km2
 comparative area:
  slightly smaller than Maryland
Land boundaries:
  total 893 km, Burundi 290 km, Tanzania 217 km, Uganda 169 km, Zaire 217 km
Coastline:
  0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims:
  none; landlocked
International disputes:
  none
Climate:
  temperate; two rainy seasons (February to April, November to January); mild
  in mountains with frost and snow possible
Terrain:
  mostly grassy uplands and hills; mountains in west
Natural resources:
  gold, cassiterite (tin ore), wolframite (tungsten ore), natural gas,
  hydropower
Land use:
 arable land:
  29%
 permanent crops:   11%
 meadows and pastures:
  18%
 forest and woodland:
  10%
 other:
  32%
Irrigated land:
  40 km2 (1989 est.)
Environment:
  deforestation; overgrazing; soil exhaustion; soil erosion; periodic droughts
Note:
  landlocked



@end display

@node People (Rwanda)
@section People (Rwanda)

@display

Population:
  8,139,272 (July 1993 est.)
Population growth rate:
  2.9% (1993 est.)
Birth rate:
  49.92 births/1,000 population (1993 est.)
Death rate:
  20.87 deaths/1,000 population (1993 est.)
Net migration rate:
  0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1993 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
  119.4 deaths/1,000 live births (1993 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
 total population:
  41.23 years
 male:
  40.2 years
 female:
  42.28 years (1993 est.)
Total fertility rate:
  8.27 children born/woman (1993 est.)
Nationality:
 noun:
  Rwandan(s)
 adjective:
  Rwandan
Ethnic divisions:
  Hutu 90%, Tutsi 9%, Twa (Pygmoid) 1%
Religions:
  Roman Catholic 65%, Protestant 9%, Muslim 1%, indigenous beliefs and other
  25%
Languages:
  Kinyarwanda (official), French (official), Kiswahili used in commercial
  centers
Literacy:
  age 15 and over can read and write (1990)
 total population:
  50%  male:
  64%
 female:
  37%
Labor force:
  3.6 million
 by occupation:
  agriculture 93%, government and services 5%, industry and commerce 2%
 note:
  49% of population of working age (1985)



@end display

@node Government (Rwanda)
@section Government (Rwanda)

@display

Names:
 conventional long form:
  Republic of Rwanda
 conventional short form:
  Rwanda
 local long form:
  Republika y'u Rwanda
 local short form:
  Rwanda
Digraph:
  RW
Type:
  republic; presidential system
 note:
  a new, all-party transitional government is to assume office later this
  year, replacing the current MRND-dominated coalition
Capital:
  Kigali
Administrative divisions:
  10 prefectures (prefectures, singular - prefecture in French; plural - NA,
  singular - prefegitura in Kinyarwanda); Butare, Byumba, Cyangugu, Gikongoro,
  Gisenyi, Gitarama, Kibungo, Kibuye, Kigali, Ruhengeri
Independence:
  1 July 1962 (from UN trusteeship under Belgian administration)
Constitution:
  18 June 1991
Legal system:
  based on German and Belgian civil law systems and customary law; judicial
  review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory
  ICJ jurisdiction
National holiday:
  Independence Day, 1 July (1962)
Political parties and leaders:
  Republican National Movement for Democracy and Development (MRND), President
  HABYARIMANA's political movement, remains the dominant party; significant
  independent parties include: Democratic Republican Movement (MDR), Faustin
  TWAGIRAMUNGU; Liberal Party (PL), Justin MUGENZI; Democratic and Socialist
  Party (PSD), Frederic NZAMURAMBAHO; Coalition for the Defense of the
  Republic (CDR), Martin BUCYANA; Party for Democracy in Rwanda (PADER), Jean
  NTAGUNGIRA; Christian Democratic Party (PDL), Nayinzira NEPOMUSCENE
 note:   formerly a one-party state, Rwanda legalized independent parties in
  mid-1991; since then, at least 10 new political parties have registered
Other political or pressure groups:
  since October 1990, Rwanda has been involved in a low-intensity conflict
  with the Rwandan Patriotic Front/Rwandan Patriotic Army (RPF/RPA)
Suffrage:
  universal adult at age NA
Elections:
 President:
  last held 19 December 1988 (next to be held NA December 1993); results -
  President Juvenal HABYARIMANA reelected
 National Development Council:
  last held 19 December 1988 (next to be held NA December 1993); results -
  MRND was the only party; seats - (70 total) MRND 70
Executive branch:
  president, prime minister, Council of Ministers (cabinet)
Legislative branch:
  unicameral National Development Council (Conseil National de Developpement)



@end display

@node Government (Rwanda 2. usage)
@section Government (Rwanda 2. usage)

@display

Judicial branch:
  Constitutional Court (consists of the Court of Cassation and the Council of
  State in joint session)
Leaders:
 Chief of State:
  President Juvenal HABYARIMANA (since 5 July 1973)
 Head of Government:
  Prime Minister Dismas NSENGIYAREMYE (since NA April 1992)
Member of:
  ACCT, ACP, AfDB, ECA, CCC, CEEAC, CEPGL, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, IDA,
  IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, LORCS, NAM, OAU, UN,
  UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in US:
 chief of mission:
  Ambassador Aloys UWIMANA
 chancery:
  1714 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009
 telephone:
  [phone]
US diplomatic representation:
 chief of mission:
  Ambassador Robert A. FLATEN
 embassy:
  Boulevard de la Revolution, Kigali
 mailing address:
  B. P. 28, Kigali
 telephone:
  [250] 75601 through 75603
 FAX:
  [250] 72128
Flag:
  three equal vertical bands of red (hoist side), yellow, and green with a
  large black letter R centered in the yellow band; uses the popular
  pan-African colors of Ethiopia; similar to the flag of Guinea, which has a
  plain yellow band



@end display

@node Economy (Rwanda)
@section Economy (Rwanda)

@display

Overview:
  Almost 50% of GDP comes from the agricultural sector; coffee and tea make up
  80-90% of total exports. The amount of fertile land is limited, however, and
  deforestation and soil erosion have created problems. The industrial sector
  in Rwanda is small, contributing only 17% to GDP. Manufacturing focuses
  mainly on the processing of agricultural products. The Rwandan economy
  remains dependent on coffee exports and foreign aid. Weak international
  prices since 1986 have caused the economy to contract and per capita GDP to
  decline. A structural adjustment program with the World Bank began in
  October 1990. An outbreak of insurgency, also in October 1990, has dampened
  prospects for economic improvement.
National product:
  GDP - exchange rate conversion - $2.35 billion (1992 est.)
National product real growth rate:
  1.3% (1992 est.)
National product per capita:
  $290 (1992 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
  6% (1992 est.)
Unemployment rate:
  NA%
Budget:
  revenues $350 million; expenditures $453.7 million, including capital
  expenditures of $NA million (1992 est.)
Exports:
  $66.6 million (f.o.b., 1992 est.)
 commodities:
  coffee 85%, tea, tin, cassiterite, wolframite, pyrethrum
 partners:
  Germany, Belgium, Italy, Uganda, UK, France, US
Imports:
  $259.5 million (f.o.b., 1992 est.)
 commodities:
  textiles, foodstuffs, machines and equipment, capital goods, steel,
  petroleum products, cement and construction material
 partners:
  US, Belgium, Germany, Kenya, Japan
External debt:
  $911 million (1990 est.)
Industrial production:
  growth rate 1.2% (1988); accounts for 17% of GDP
Electricity:
  30,000 kW capacity; 130 million kWh produced, 15 kWh per capita (1991)
Industries:
  mining of cassiterite (tin ore) and wolframite (tungsten ore), tin, cement,
  agricultural processing, small-scale beverage production, soap, furniture,
  shoes, plastic goods, textiles, cigarettes
Agriculture:
  accounts for almost 50% of GDP and about 90% of the labor force; cash crops
  - coffee, tea, pyrethrum (insecticide made from chrysanthemums); main food
  crops - bananas, beans, sorghum, potatoes; stock raising; self-sufficiency
  declining; country imports foodstuffs as farm production fails to keep up
  with a 3.8% annual growth in population



@end display

@node Economy (Rwanda 2. usage)
@section Economy (Rwanda 2. usage)

@display

Economic aid:
  US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $128 million; Western (non-US)
  countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $2.0 billion; OPEC
  bilateral aid (1979-89), $45 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $58
  million; note - in October 1990 Rwanda launched a Structural Adjustment
  Program with the IMF; since September 1991, the EC has given $46 million and
  the US $25 million in support of this program
Currency:
  1 Rwandan franc (RF) = 100 centimes
Exchange rates:
  Rwandan francs (RF) per US$1 - 146.34 (January 1993), 133.35 (1992), 125.14
  (1991), 82.60 (1990), 79.98 (1989), 76.45 (1988)
Fiscal year:
  calendar year



@end display

@node Communications (Rwanda)
@section Communications (Rwanda)

@display

Highways:
  4,885 km total; 460 km paved, 1,725 km gravel and/or improved earth, 2,700
  km unimproved
Inland waterways:
  Lac Kivu navigable by shallow-draft barges and native craft
Airports:
 total:
  8
 usable:
  7
 with permanent-surface runways:
  3
 with runways over 3,659 m:
  0
 with runways 2,440-3,659 m:
  1
 with runways 1,220-2,439 m:
  2
Telecommunications:
  fair system with low-capacity radio relay system centered on Kigali;
  broadcast stations - 2 AM, 1 (7 repeaters) FM, no TV; satellite earth
  stations - 1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT and 1 SYMPHONIE



@end display

@node Defense Forces (Rwanda)
@section Defense Forces (Rwanda)

@display

Branches:   Army (including Air Wing), Gendarmerie
Manpower availability:
  males age 15-49 1,675,160; fit for military service 853,467 (1993 est.); no
  conscription
Defense expenditures:
  exchange rate conversion - $37 million, 1.6% of GDP (1988 est.)



@end display